The New York Times tells me this morning that in the Georgia race for the U.S. Senate "the Warnock campaign wanted to make the race a contrast between a reverend and a running back."
Hmm. My copy of the Times stylebook (admittedly dating from 1999) and the current Associated Press Stylebook maintain the traditional distinction that reverend is to be used as an adjective (synonym of revered), never as a noun. And even as an adjective, there are restrictions: always "the Rev. Firstname Lastname" or "the Rev. Mr./Ms. Lastname," never "the Rev. Lastname" or "Rev. Lastname."
Among U.S. Christians, Episcopalians tend to be strictest about this convention, perhaps because they prize so many levels of reverence. Deacons and priests are "the Rev.," deans of cathedrals are "the Very Rev.," bishops are "the Right Reverend" ("the Rt. Rev."), and the presiding bishop is "the Most Rev." Bryan Garner says that use of the title without the article "has long been stigmatized as poor usage. And if the stigma is wearing off, it's doing so very gradually."*
But you know that U.S. Protestants, regardless of stylebooks, regularly use reverend as a title and speak of "Reverend Lastname" and describe that worthy as being "a reverend." (Reverend, incidentally, has been in use as a noun in English since the early part of the seventeenth century.)
Religion, I used to tell my editing students, is a thicket in which one quickly becomes entangled. All the Christian denominations have varying titles and practices, making it very easy for a writer to look like a fool. The problem, as Merriam-Webster's Dictionary of English Usage sums up, is that "there seems to be considerably greater acceptance of 'Reverend Moomaw' than most authorities recognize." And "this is really a matter of etiquette more than linguistic propriety, and the preference of the clergy involved should be taken into account if it can be determined."
So what are you, trying to sort out Reverend and the cluster of other current titles (Father, Mother, Brother, Pastor), going to do? You will first have to ascertain the conventions of the denomination you are writing about and then, if possible, the preference of the individual subject. Luck to you.
As for "a reverend," I'd steer clear of it as still too colloquial and allow it only in direct quotation.
* That citation is from Garner 4. My copy of Garner 5 has not yet arrived; when it does, I'll look to see if the entry has been revised.
In a letter to the editor, I would understand the use of “reverend” as a noun rather than an adjective—but from the news desk?
ReplyDeleteThe Reverend Mr Black would concur.
ReplyDeleteI grew up (in the 80's and 90's) attending a First Presbyterian and (later on) a United Methodist church. It was VERY common for members of both congregations to refer to the pastor as "Reverend [Last Name]." I remember my Dad commenting me once that this was incorrect.
ReplyDeleteThe Episcopalians until fairly recently were the prestige church. There have been studies of families in the late 19th and early 20th centuries, showing how as they rose in socio-economic status they often converted to Episcopalianism. It was part of the socio-economic package. This prestige explains why Episcopalian usage became the One True Way in usage guides. Merriam Webster characteristically gets it right: This is a matter of etiquette. Using the recipient's preferred form is part and parcel of doing unto others as you would have them do unto you. Anyone arguing otherwise must establish (1) that it is imperative that only one form applied to everyone; (2) this imperative overriding all the ordinary concerns of courtesy; (3) and that the form adopted will necessarily be the Episcopal usage. For good measure, in parallel with the above, (4) that "reverend" differs from nearly every other English adjective in that it cannot be used as a noun. Good luck with all that.
ReplyDeleteGarner 5 is in: He holds the traditional view that "reverend" is not widely accepted as a stand-alone noun. But "the noun uses without the article--as in 'Reverend Harold Myers' as opposed to 'the Reverend Harold Myers'--were long stigmatized as mistakes. But the stigma has largely disappeared."
ReplyDelete